A Comparison of Christian Symbols in Song of Solomon,...

Although religion does not exist as a central theme in Toni Morrison’s work, it does set premise for a richly intertwined web of symbolism. Morrison’s novels focus on the lives of characters acting in the present day or recent past. For African Americans, events of the past are a crucial facet of culture as they seek to remember their history, the most influential of these events reaching far back into the years of slavery. Historians argue that for incoming slaves, Christianity offered a religious ground for the displaced individual, a soil in which to replant the symbols of their native spirituality. In interviews and articles regarding her works, Morrison seems to take on a tone of rejection towards the idea that the civilization of†¦show more content†¦Africans are certainly spiritual in their worship, but why doesn’t anyone refer to their native cult as African Religion? Catholic rituals are obviously religious, but does one have to be spiritual to participate? These example are clearly overly-generalized, but the true matter of principle lies in the fact that we do refer to African religion as African Spirituality and other denominational rituals can in fact become far too routine. Morrison’s texts recognize the relationship between religion and spirituality and attempt to address the critical issue of African Americans embracing Christianity, the religion of the slaveholders (28). The point has to be addressed as to whether Morrison’s references to Christian belief and symbolism are purposeful or unconscious. Because she is writing with the motive to prove a point regarding the struggles of African Americans, clearly some references (like for example her character’s names) are direct and premeditated. However, as Morrison herself claims to have read the Bible and made it an active part of her life (Unspeakable 32), fragments of Christian dogma filter through into her writing almost unconsciously. This autobiographical interlay of Christian symbols gives Morrison freedom to express her ideas more directly through personal insight. Evidence in support of these hypotheses is found throughout Morrison’s literary cannon. Four novels most worthy of discussion are Song of Solomon, Sula,

The Police Criminal Intelligence Bulletin - 1973 Words

To control gangs, law enforcement agencies have used preventive approaches, including community organization, social intervention, opportunity provision, suppression and organizational change (Spergel, 1990). Not unlike the ones that were talked about earlier. Suppression has historically been a major strategy used by police and involves targeting gang leaders and hard-core members for surveillance, arrest and prosecution. However, the Illinois State Police Criminal Intelligence Bulletin (1992), noted that even though street gangs are involved with drugs, murders, sexual assaults, armed robberies, burglaries and automobile thefts, almost 60 percent of local and county police agencies did not have officers assigned to gangs on either a†¦show more content†¦1998). Citizens around the country, in their communities have to endure with the fear of gangs that terrorize the area. In the first ten months of 1993, there were over 500 calls for service in the two block area contr olled by the gang. Law enforcement officers would not enter the area other than in teams and the local fire department would not answer calls without police assistance. Street lights were constantly shot out and the darkened area, along with some tall trees, provided a perfect environment for the gang s activities. Although law enforcement officers arrested gang members, the intimidation of witnesses made their tasks more difficult. To reduce the gang s illegal activities in the neighborhood and begin renovating the neighborhood, an innovative four phase program called Operation Roundup was designed and developed (Torres, S. 1998). Research indicates that fear of crime, whether self-imposed or realistic, can immobilize individuals, harm the local economy and negatively impact social interactions as well as the quality of life (Albanese, 1990 Skogan (1987) argues that crime victims believe that more crime exists, are worried about victimization and attempt to protect themselves. Parker and Ray (1990) as well as Krannich et al. (1989) revealed victimization to be a predictor related to fear ofShow MoreRelatedThe Police Criminal Intelligence Bulletin1705 Words   |  7 Pagesearlier. Suppression has historically been a major strategy used by police and involves targeting gang leaders and hard-core members for surveillance, arrest and prosecution. 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RegardingRead MorePolice Career Research Paper1500 Words   |  6 PagesCareer Research Paper Police officers have played a major role in society by protecting us from crime. Their responsibilities include not only preserving the peace, preventing criminal acts, enforcing the law, investigating crimes, and arresting those who violate the law but also directing traffic, community relations work, and controlling crowds at public events. Law enforcement officers are a part of our communities to protect and serve us from danger and to apprehend criminals that disobey the lawRead MoreAnalytical Units2022 Words   |  9 Pagesbe able to stop as much criminal activity as possible. This will be done by providing an expedient and accurate conveyance of the analytical data collected. The role of an analyst has a misconception of being a statistician even though statistics do play a role in crime analysis, it is merely one role. 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However their impact on the community and the negative image it has given the police force outweighRead MorePredictive Policing and the Use of COMPSTAT Essay1189 Words   |  5 Pa gesmoves law enforcement from focusing on what happened to focusing on what will happen and how to effectively deploy resources in front of crime, thereby changing outcomes, writes Charlie Beck, chief of the Los Angeles Police Department.† 1 Random rounds and beats travelled by police personnel in districts and zones created from geographical boundaries have dominated law enforcement techniques for the last forty years. Although in more recent times, agencies have moved toward a more community basedRead MoreThe Best Means Of Hiring And Testing New Employees1454 Words   |  6 Pagesrange. When recruiting within the company, you can post available positions on bulletin boards or on company websites that are only accessible to employees. The recruiter can also review the company’s human resource files for any qualified employees. Internal recruiting costs less than recruiting externally. Internal employees require less orientation because they are familiar with the company’s background and polices. When recruiting externally, recruiters can post on online job boards. You canRead MoreTerrorism and Law Enforcement3122 Words   |  13 Pageslowest local police department all the way up through the chain of federal agencies to include the Federal Bureau of Investigations and the Central Intelligence Agency kept vital information to themselves. It became apparent that law enforcement agencies needed to improve their communication skills to prevent future attacks from happening within the United States and to our nations interests abroad. Law enforcement at the federal level has never fully developed a strong intelligence analysis capacityRead MoreTerrorism And Terrorism : Terrorism1231 Words   |  5 Pagesbattle against ‘terrorism’, â€Å"Counterterrorism has to be woven into the everyday workings of every department. It should be included on the agenda of every meeting†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Kelling Bratton, 2006). Terrorism and How to Respond All terrorism is criminal but not all criminals are terrorists. Terrorism unlike most crimes has a political agenda behind it. Many terrorists are involved with other types of crime as well, especially if they need to fund their operation, such as money laundering, and to disguise themselvesRead MoreEssay on Theodore Bundy1163 Words   |  5 Pagesmost cases though, there were no bodies, just missing women, so no true action could be justified. That all changed when a man identified as Theodore by witnesses, abducted two women from Lake Sammamish State Park on the same day. Police had a finally had a name and witnesses to put with a disappearance. The discovery of the two womens remains about a month later, mixed in with the bones of other women, cemented the fact that a serial killer was on the loose. The hunt

Swot in China Free Essays

Carrefour  has  taken  a  bold,  consistent  stance  on  developing in china. Carrefour is simply side – stepping the  laws. SWOT analysis Carrefour in China: Strength Operating localization strategy in both operation and management 1. We will write a custom essay sample on Swot in China or any similar topic only for you Order Now Human resource: Decision-makers can make a variety of decisions which are suitable for the local conditions. 2. Purchasing: a) Raw  material  procurement  process  follows  stringent  quality  checks  and  cost  reduction  methods. b) cutting the cost of the cost in the  procurement  channels c) increasing the competition between suppliers . operation: Managers in each shop are authorized. Don’t need to many levels of transmission, which to avoid the distortion and delay of the information. 4. Business model: a) Cutting the purchasing price, this adapts China’s economic and market environment. b) Relatively large stores with broad non-food lines c) Store openings are progressing well d) High proportion of locally sourced products e) violating  the  policy of retail sector in china , like keeping opening illegal shop in china Weakness 1. Bad relations with the Chinese government . Having an individual shop-management mode, Having no  tran sparency  and  poor  project  management, this reduces consumer’s loyalty to Carrefour. 3. The tense relationship with some suppliers, damaging Carrefour’s image. 4. The majority of the retailors are small and medium-sized enterprises, which are lack of bargaining ability with the big companies. 5. Carrefour’s Own-brands don’t sell well in china. 6. High â€Å"entrance† fee, which is not allowed in the countries which are well-developed in the retail market. Opportunity 1. China’s accession to the WTO 2. The increase of senior personnel in the retail market 3. Withdraw from the Japanese market, and focus on China Threat 1. The Policy and economic environment in china 2. The biggest competitor – Wal-Mart 3. The majority of China’s local supermarkets 4. The markets(grocery markets) in china Expansion into the Asian market is now top priority, as it is believed that this region, especially in china, offers the largest opportunities for growth. However, there is a really big change in the Chinese market. After joining the WTO, The Chinese market is opening wider while the competition is also getting tougher. Foreign retailers need to plan and implement their strategies tightly according to market conditions and their firm-specific resources. Carrefour closed four stores last year. It is said their closure was all due to bad location choice and poor management. The Carrefour China press office says that Carrefour currently has 180 stores, therefore the closing down of unprofitable ones is normal and in accordance with its strategic adjustment. But i think Carrefour is now adjusting its strategy, choosing to open new stores in second and third-tier cities. And it’s a trend in china. The most important issue is that Carrefour needs to attach importance on the relationship with customers and suppliers. Compared with Wal-Mart, Carrefour received more complaints from customers and suppliers, and warning from government. Although the prices of products in Carrefour are widely considered to be cheaper than Wal-Mart, the customer services are also vital for survive of a retailer. In addition, Carrefour always reaps great profits from suppliers, and hence suppliers can obtain a small profit margin. Therefore, it is dangerous for Carrefour if these suppliers leave and stop supplying in the future especially when Wal-Mart have a stronger buying power. In addition, Carrefour needs to focus on its long-term development and plan strategies to create values resources in order to achieve competitive advantages Empowered purchasing and distribution rights and management hinder the delivery quality of goods, which is critically important for retailers. In addition, Carrefour should develop advanced information systems on communicating with suppliers and stocking, which will save significant costs and benefit Carrefour’s stock management in the long-term. |Table1: Consumer Age Distribution in Hypermarkets in shanghai | | | | | | |Age distribution | Item |RT-MART |Century Mart |tesco |carrefour |Wal-Mart | | | | | | | |Commodity(whether it isabundant and has acomplete range? ) |4. 15 |3. 96 |3. 93 |4. 21 |3. 55 | | | | | | | |price |3. 47 |2. 22 |3. 03 |2. 82 |2. 32 | | | | | | | |service |3. 53 |3. 14 |3 |3. 07 |2. 8 | | | | | | | |shopping environment |4. 04 |4. 17 |3. 83 |4. 03 |3. 62 | | | | | | | |shopping convenience |4. 01 |3. 76 |4. 01 |3. 64 |3. 69 | | | | | | | |staff mental outlook |3. 77 |3. 59 |3. 36 |3. 49 |3. 47 | | | | | | | |aggregation |22. 97 |20. 84 |21. 16 |21. 26 |19. 45 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | How to cite Swot in China, Essay examples

The Downy Woodpecker Essay Example For Students

The Downy Woodpecker Essay HabitatDownies take home in the United States and southern Canada. They have beenrecorded at elevations of up to 9,000 feet. The downies are not deep-forestedbirds, preferring deciduous trees. Open woodlands, river groves, orchards,swamps, farmland, and suburban backyards are all favorite haunts of the downy. Downies will also nest in city parks. About the only place you wont find themis deserts. The most attractive human dwelling sites are woodlands broken up bylogged patches in a waterside area. Downies also enjoy open shrubbery withgroves of young deciduous trees. Call(s) Like the hairy woodpecker, the downy beats a tattoo on a dry resonanttree branch. This drumming is the downys song, though they do make some vocalnoises. They have several single-syllable call notes which include tchick, anaggressive social note; a tick and a tkhirrr, which are alarm notes. There isalso a location call, known as a whinny, made up of a dozen or more tchicksall strung together. We will write a custom essay on The Downy Woodpecker specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Scientific Names The downy woodpeckers scientific name is Picoides pubescens. Thereare also six particular downies with six particular scientific names all fromdifferent regions of the United States and southern Canada which I have listedbelow:southern downy / Dryobates pubescens Gairdners woodpecker / Gairdneri pubescensBatchelders woodpecker / Leucurus pubescens northern downy / Medianus pubescensNelsons downy / Nelsoni pubescens willow woodpecker / Turati pubescensThe downy woodpecker is sometimes reffered to as little downy.Behavior Towards Humans The downy is unquestionably the friendliest woodpecker. A bird loverin Wisconsin described downies at their feeding station: The downies will backdown to the suet container on the basswood tree while I sit only a few feet awayon the patio. Even when I walk right up to them, most downies will not fly away,but will simply scoot around the backside of the tree trunk and peek around tosee what I am doing. If I press them, they will hop up t he backside of the treetrunk and then fly to a higher branch. FoodBesides being friendly, downy woodpeckers are our good friends foranother reason. Most of the insects they eat are considered destructive to mansorchards and forest products. About 75% of their diet is made up of animalmatter gleaned from bark and crevices where insect larvae and eggs lie hidden. While standing on that unique tripod of two legs and and a tail, downies hitchup and down tree trunks in search of a whole laundry list of insect pests. Withtheir special chisel-like bills and horny, sticky tongues, downies are adept atplucking out great numbers of beetle grubs, insect cocoons, or batches of insecteggs. They also eat spiders, snails, ants, beetles, weevils, and caterpillars,with other local insects included. 25% of a downys diet are plants made up ofthe berries of poison ivy, mountain ash, Virginia creeper, serviceberry, tupelo,and dogwood. Downies also eat the seeds of oaks, apples, hornbeams, sumac,hickory, and beach. Acorns, beachnuts, and walnuts are the particular favorites. Dr. John Confer and his students at Ithaca College have studied thedowny woodpeckers use of goldenrod galls as a source of food. They discoveredthe downys little jackhammer is just the tool needed to drill a hole in theside of the one to two inch goldenrod gall and extract the tiny grub containedinside. In fact, Confers studies show that the goldenrod grubs form animportant part of the woodpeckers winter diet. PlumageTap, tap, tap! Tap, tap, tap! It is interesting how the downy woodpeckerprops itself with those stiff tail feathers while clinging to the bark. The tailrelieves the birds weight. This unique tripod allows the downy to hop up thetree trunk with ease, but it must back down in the same position, a more akwardmotion. The downy woodpecker gets its name of downy because of its soft finefeathers. The downy, smallest of the woodpecker clan, is not even as big as arobin. It is only about the size of the of a house sparrow at six inches tall. The downy can be separated from all other woodpeckers ~ except the hairy ~ bythe broad, white strip down its back. The downy and the hairy are often confusedsince their markings are quite similar. Both range across the same territoryexcept the lower southwest where the downy is less often seen. There are reallyonly two ways to distinguish the downy and the hairy. (1) Look at the bill ofthe two birds. The downy will have a much shorter, stubbier bill. (2) The downyis about 2/3 the size of the hairy. That is another good clue to look for. The downy is most likely to be the one that you see at the feeder, sincethe hairy keeps more to the forest than the downy. However, both will feed atfeeders in the winter months, on suet especially. The tail, wings, and back of both the downy and hairy woodpeckers have ablack hue intermingled with white spots. A black cap adorns each, below whichthere is a white stripe. A small scarlet patch appears on the lower~back of thehead. Another black stripe is below this. The downies have barred outer tailfeathers not found on the hairies. CourtshipRegardless of the elevation, downy woodpeckers begin thinking aboutnesting earlier than most birds and several months before they actually nest. After spending the winter alone, the downies seem to come to life in earlyFebruary, moving more quickly and taking more interest in their own species. Their normal tap, tap, tap becomes a quite different unbrokentrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrr, lasting several seconds. The tapping is no longersimply an effort to find food but a means of communicating to other downies thatthis is my territory. It is also the first attempt to attract a mate. Bothsexes drum. So early does this drumming begin that it is not unusual to hear iton sub-zero mornings. Some ornithologists believe that downy woodpeckers retain the same mateas long as they live. In this case, all the pair has to do in the spring is torenew their pair bonds. This fidelity, however, seems to be a result of anattachment to the nesting site rather than between the birds. After the drumming has united the pair, the actual courtship begins witha curious dance or weaving action by both sexes. With their neck stretched outand bill pointed in line with their head and body from side to side balancing onthe tips of their tail. Their entire body is elongated. There is also a lot offlitting and chasing from one branch to another, and more waving and weaving ofhead and body. Sometimes with wing and tail feathers spread. Considerablechattering accompanies these gyrations. NestingSometime during the courting period the actual selection of a nestingcavity occurs. The female is usually, though not always, the dominant bird andselects the nesting site. Ounce selected, both birds dig the hole. Downies willcharacteristically place the nesting cavity 3-50 feet above the ground on theunderside of an exposed dead limb. The pair will alternate digging because onlyone bird at a time can fit into the cavity. As the hole is cut deeper, the birdworking may disappear into the hole and remain out of sight for 15-20 minutes,appearing only long enough to throw out chips. (This is unlike chickadees, whichwill carry their chips away from the nesting site, downies are not concernedabout predators finding chips at the base of the nesting tree.) Then the pairwill change shifts for 15 or 20 minutes while the other bird digs. Though thefemale does most of the work, this may vary with individual pairs. Regardless,the cavity is finished in about a week. .ub49c7e4a77f86fdfae6088664a17ab78 , .ub49c7e4a77f86fdfae6088664a17ab78 .postImageUrl , .ub49c7e4a77f86fdfae6088664a17ab78 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ub49c7e4a77f86fdfae6088664a17ab78 , .ub49c7e4a77f86fdfae6088664a17ab78:hover , .ub49c7e4a77f86fdfae6088664a17ab78:visited , .ub49c7e4a77f86fdfae6088664a17ab78:active { border:0!important; } .ub49c7e4a77f86fdfae6088664a17ab78 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ub49c7e4a77f86fdfae6088664a17ab78 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ub49c7e4a77f86fdfae6088664a17ab78:active , .ub49c7e4a77f86fdfae6088664a17ab78:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ub49c7e4a77f86fdfae6088664a17ab78 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ub49c7e4a77f86fdfae6088664a17ab78 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ub49c7e4a77f86fdfae6088664a17ab78 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ub49c7e4a77f86fdfae6088664a17ab78 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ub49c7e4a77f86fdfae6088664a17ab78:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ub49c7e4a77f86fdfae6088664a17ab78 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ub49c7e4a77f86fdfae6088664a17ab78 .ub49c7e4a77f86fdfae6088664a17ab78-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ub49c7e4a77f86fdfae6088664a17ab78:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Follow Your Heart EssayWhen the cavity is completed, sometime in mid~May, it is shaped muchlike a gourd. The entrance is 1 !/4 inches in diameter. It is dug straight aboutfour inches, then curves down 8-10 more inches and widens to about three inchesin diameter. At the very bottom, the the cavity narrows to about two inches,where a few chips are left to serve as a nest. It is believed that woodpeckershave been nesting in cavities so long in evolutionary time that nesting materialis no longer used. Chickadees and bluebirds have been nesting in cavities for ashorter period of time, and still build a nest at the bottom of the cavity asthey did when they built their nests in t he open. The eggs, too, reflect this. Species that have been using cavities formany thousands of years, like the woodpeckers, lay pure white eggs. Noprotective coloration is needed when they are hidden in a cavity. Bluebirds andchickadees, on the other hand, still lay eggs with some protective coloration onthem~specks in the case of chickadees and pale blue in bluebirds eggs. Downy woodpeckers lay four to five pure white eggs, which are incubatedby both parents through the 12 days required for hatching. They take turnsduring the daylight hours; the male incubates at night. The downy, like other woodpeckers, will seldom use the same nestingcavity year after year. Instead, the site is taken over the next year bychickadees, titmice, tree swallows, wrens, and sometimes bluebirds. This forcesthe downy couple to drill another nesting cavity each year. Young Downies When the young hatch, they are naked, blind, helpless, red-colored, andquite unattractive. During the first few critical days after hatching, theadults take turns in the cavity, one brooding the young while the other bird isgathering food. The male usually broods at night. Downies swallow and regurgitate their food to the young for only fourto five days. After that they carry insects and other bugs, primarily spiders,ants, and moths, to the youngsters in their bills. The older the chicks get, themore food the adults must provide. It isnt long before the young can be heardchippering in the cavity and both parents are feeding from daylight until dark. At times they are feeding as often as ounce a minute! A few days after hatching, feathers start to grow on the young, and bythe time they are 14 days old, their tail feathers are long enough to supporttheir weight. It is then that they make their first appearance at the cavityentrance. For the next week, the youngsters spend a great deal of their timetaking turns at the cavity entrance, heads out, chippering loudly, awaiting thenext meal. At 21 to 24 days, the young are ready to leave the cavity on theirfirst flight. A New York observer gave a good acount of a downy familys lastfew days in the cavity: The young chattered most of the time during the lasttwo days of nest life. One at a time they looked out a great deal at thestrange outer world. They left the nest on on the eleventh of June. The last two,a male and a female, left during the afternoon, each after being fed at theentrance and seeing the parent fly away. The young male flew from the nestinghole straight to a tree 60 feet away. His sister quickly followed, lighting onthe trunk of the same tree and following her parent up the bole in the hitchingmanner of their kind as though she had been practicing this vertical locomotionall of her life. The observer could distinguish male youngsters from female because theyalready had a slightly different appearance. Like their adult counterparts, theyoung males have red on their heads and the females do not. The red on the headof the juvenile male is not a small spot on the back of the head as in the adultmale, but a much larger area of red and pink on the whole crown. The youngstersare also somewhat fluffy or downy looking. The juvenile female looks like thejuvenile male, without the red crown. This juvenile plumage will be worn but a short time, for all downies,young and adult, molt into winter plumage in September. Ounce the young have fledged, the parents divide the brood and onlytake care of their charges. The male will usually take one or two of the young,while the female takes the others. According to study, young downies becomeindependent at the age of 41 days. Many people have seen youngsters on suetfeeders in late summer with no apparent adult escort, nor any interest in otherdownies in the area. In fact, the adults will drive off the youngsters at thesuet feeders. Downy woodpeckers have only one brood a year in the north, butsometimes two in the south. Winter for a Downy By September the downy woodpecker family has broken up, the young ofthe year look like adults, and all become solitary and quiet. As cold weather approaches, the first order of business is to locate awinter roosting cavity. Apparently, downies do not use their nesting cavities aswinter roosts; most birds drill fresh roosts in anticipation of the long winterahead. These preparations, however, are not made at the fast pace of mostother birds in autumn. The species that must migrate to warmer climates seem tobe restless and in such a hurry about everything. But not the downy. It remainscalm in the midst of the hustle. Such is the personality of the permanentresident. Despite this, there are some studies which indicate that some downies,particularily females, do leave the breeding territory; others dont. Thereasons for these variations are not clear. The downs winter is spent quietly and alone, searching the doormantwoodland for food. The pace of life has slowed, and often its tap, tap, tap isthe only sound to be heard above the wind in the trees. The downy is wellequiped to survive the coldest weather. It even takes playful baths in the snowpiled high on branches. A woman in Canada described one such incident: Thismorning a female downy flew to a horizantal branch and proceeded vigorously tobathe in the loose snow lying there. Like a robin in a puddle. Mrs. Downy duckedher head, ruffled her feathers and fluttered her wings, throwing some of thesnow over her back and scattering the rest to the winds. The downy woodpeckers winter food is not unlimited. The insects aponwhich it survives stopped multiplying when cold weather arrived. As time passes,the bird must search more and more diligently to feed itself. It gets some helpfrom the bands of chickadees, titmice, and nuthatches with whom it shares thewinter woods. Downies will oft en stay loosely associated with these species asthey cruise the woodlands in search of hidden morsels. But the downy is tiedsomewhat to the area near its roosting hole, since it will return to it everyevening at sunset. Therefore, the feeding areas surrounding the roosting cavitybecome a downys individual winter feeding territory, which it will defendagainst other downies. .u36bc46e3755c523bc291a22c363958c0 , .u36bc46e3755c523bc291a22c363958c0 .postImageUrl , .u36bc46e3755c523bc291a22c363958c0 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u36bc46e3755c523bc291a22c363958c0 , .u36bc46e3755c523bc291a22c363958c0:hover , .u36bc46e3755c523bc291a22c363958c0:visited , .u36bc46e3755c523bc291a22c363958c0:active { border:0!important; } .u36bc46e3755c523bc291a22c363958c0 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u36bc46e3755c523bc291a22c363958c0 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u36bc46e3755c523bc291a22c363958c0:active , .u36bc46e3755c523bc291a22c363958c0:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u36bc46e3755c523bc291a22c363958c0 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u36bc46e3755c523bc291a22c363958c0 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u36bc46e3755c523bc291a22c363958c0 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u36bc46e3755c523bc291a22c363958c0 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u36bc46e3755c523bc291a22c363958c0:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u36bc46e3755c523bc291a22c363958c0 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u36bc46e3755c523bc291a22c363958c0 .u36bc46e3755c523bc291a22c363958c0-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u36bc46e3755c523bc291a22c363958c0:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Shakespeares character Juliet Essay Backyard feeding stations are the exception. For some unexplainedreason, feeding stations are a common ground for all birds in all seasons. Usually (in the right conditions) there will be between six and ten downies atsuet feeders at various times every day during the winter. There will be fewerduring the summer. That is probably because there is more natural food in thesummer and breeding territories are more rigorously defended. Regardless, thedownies take turns at feeders, abiding by some kind of truce at the suet, thoughthere are often fights over who feeds first. Territorial Disputes When two males or two females come face to face over a territorialdispute, they spread their wings, raise their crests and assume a challengingattitude and scold each other. Most of this is bluff, of course, for they soonsettle down, unless one or the other advances toward a female. Flight Like the other members of the woodpecker clan, the downy has adistinct undulatin flight that is most evident when it crosses open areas orswoops through woodlands. The dips are not as deep as those of a goldflinch, butas ornithologist Arthur Cleveland Bent said, It gives the effect of a shippitching slightly in a heavy sea. A few strokes carry the bird up to the crestof the wave~ the wings clapping close to the side of the body~ then, at thecrest, with the wings shut, the bird tilts slightly foward, and slides down intothe next trough.Enemies ; Camouflage Though no songbird is totally safe from predators, not many downywoodpeckers fall prey to hawks, owls, and other winged hunters. When attacked,downies are quite adroit at dodging raptors by flitting around the branches oftheir natural habitat. They can also flatten themselves against the bark of atree trunk and become almost invisible to any pursuer. Maurice Thompsondescribed a downys defense against a goshawk: The downy dart ed through thefoliage and flattened itself against a large oak bough, where it remainedmotionless as the bark itself. The hawk lit on the same bough within a few feetof its intended victim, and remained sitting there for a few moments, searchingin vain. The black and white feathers of the downy blended perfectly with thebark and lichen on the tree. Other enemies, strangely, include house wrens, which have been knownto wait until downies have completed work on their nesting cavaties beforeappropriating the site for themselves. Unbelievable as it may sound, the housewren can be aggressive enough to attack a pair of downies and drive them fromtheir own nesting site to procure the cavity for its own. Squirrels, particularly red squirrels, will destroy the eggs and youngof downy woodpeckers. Attracting Downies Food, cover, and water are the three basic needs of all wildlife anddowny woodpeckers are no exception. Food and cover definitely take priority overwater, as downies seldom drink at birdbaths. Mature trees in an open woodland are the preferred habitat, but anykind of natural cover is better than none at all. A mixed stand of oaks,basswood, maples, and willows will suit downies perfectly. Food is simple. Downy woodpeckers love beef suet. Be sure that you getreal beef suet at the butcher shop. So often a butcher will give or sell youbeef fat, which downies will reluctantly eat in the winter. They prefer realsuet, which is the hard, white, opaque fat surrounding the beef kidney. Regularbeef fat has a greasier, translucent appearance. It will also decompose in warmweather and attract flies. Suet will not. That is why beef suet is reccomendedall year long. It is every bit as successful with downies in summer as winter. Plus, the suet feeder is the place where most of the baby downies are first seenby humans. They are so cute with their red caps and roly-poly appearance. Atfirst a parent bird feeds the youngster suet. Then it tries to get the youngsterto feed itself. All that free entertainment is yours to enjoy if you put up asuet feeder. Other feeding station foods that downies will eat include peanutbutter (its a fallacy that peanut butter sticks in the throats of birds),doughnuts, nutmeats, sunflower seeds, corn bread, and cracked corn kernels. Butbeef suet is by far the most popular with all the woodpeckers. Will a downy woodpecker nest in a bird house? Though most books onattracting birds or building birdhouses give dimensions for downy woodpeckerhouses, there does not appear to be any record of a downy nesting in a man-madehouse. However, there are records of downies using birdhouses as winter roosts. Special Adaptations The downy has many adaptations, ranging from the tail feathers to thetongue. First of all the downys toes are different than most other birds. Instead of having three toes in the front and one in the back, the downy has twotoes in the front and two in back. This arrangement makes the downys uniquetripod of two feet and stiff tail feathers more effective. The toes have alsoadapted another way. The outer hind toe is longer than the rest of the toes tokeep it from swaying. The downys tail is also special. Unlike most birds the downys tailfeathers are long and stiff. This helps balance the birds weight as it standsvertically on a tree. Another adaptation of the downy woodpecker is their unusual bill. Itis not pointed like most other birds, but it is chisel-shaped. A chisel- shapedbill makes the downys work of carving a nesting and roosting cavity easier. Thebill also helps the downy chip the wood around the insects buried in a tree. Thetongue is also worth noting. At twice the size of the downys head, the tongueeasily spears small morsels with a horny tip of recurved barbs. Yes, even the skull has changed to fit the downys needs. The skull ofthe downy is stronger and thicker than most other birds. So logically it is alsoheavier. This extra weight makes the little jackhammer more effective. But most amazing is not how the downy has adapted, it is its skill toadapt. When European settlers invaded the downy woodpeckers territory 200 to300 years ago, the birds did not retreat as did many of our native species. Instead, they accepted as a home the orchards and shade trees with which manreplaced the forests. Our early ornithologists were in agreement when theycharacterized the bird. Audubon remarked in 1842 that it is perhaps notsurpassed by any of its tribe in hardiness, industry, or vivacity. Alexander Wilson said ten years earlier that the principalcharacteristics of this little bird are diligence, familiarity, perseverance,and spoke of a pair of downies working at their nest with the mostindefatigable diligence. And so it is today. The downy woodpecker remains unspoiled andunconcerned by the threats of man. It just quietly flits around the backyardwoodland, tap, tap, tap-ing its way through life. Category: Science

INFORMATION

INFORMATION ICT as a CareerThe ICT field is developing on a dailybasis and there is no telling how thisscene will be in the next ten or soyears. Twenty years ago, ICT as acareer was not known especially withcomputers. Fixed telephones were notused vastly especially in the developingworld; with the advent of mobiletelephones though, the subscriber basehas increased. Developing countries arenow being targeted for their hugepotential.The main advantage if ICT as a career isthat it is dynamic, it is foreverchanging. This creates newopportunities in this sector; forinstance, new communication hardwareand software is being created. Thiscreates new opportunities in teaching;the instructors always have to be up todate.The requirements for one to join the ICTsector are varied. With knowledge inMicrosoft word, excel and access, youcan get a job as a data entry clerk.Toget higher up the ladder, you wouldneed an undergraduate degree or amaster's degree in the related field.Training of personnel in the ICT s ector isrelatively inexpensive but you will needto make sure that the quality ofeducation is up to the mark.ICT creates motivation. when Bill Gatesfounded Microsoft, he had a vision ofhaving every computer in homes andoffices running his Microsoft software.This has shaped the way we all live andcommunicate in today's world.Entrepreneurship that is being createdby ICT is enormous. Cyber cafes arepopping up everywhere; people have tocheck their e-mails almost on a dailybasis. Print media is being replaced bythe internet where daily papers arebeing distributed, news channels alsooffer broadband video streaming andhome made pod-casts are on theincrease. ICT is lucrative because of the...

5 Ways to Eliminate Deadwood for Direct and Concise Writing

5 Ways to Eliminate Deadwood for Direct and Concise Writing I believe more in the scissors than I do in the pencil, Truman Capote once said. In other words, what we cut out of our writing is sometimes more important than what we put in. So lets continue to cut the clutter. How do we stop wasting words and get to the point? Here are five more strategies to apply when revising and editing essays, memos, and reports. Use Active Verbs Whenever possible, make the subject of a sentence do something. Wordy: The grant proposals were reviewed by the students.Revised: The students reviewed the grant proposals. Dont Try to Show Off As Leonardo da Vinci observed, Simplicity is the ultimate sophistication. Dont presume that big words or lengthy phrases will impress your readers: often the simplest word is the best. Wordy: At this moment in time, students who are matriculating through high school should be empowered to participate in the voting process.Revised: High school students should have the right to vote. Cut Empty Phrases Some of the most common phrases mean little, if anything, and should be cut from our writing: all things being equalall things consideredas a matter of factas far as I am concernedat the end of the dayat the present timedue to the fact thatfor all intents and purposesfor the most partfor the purpose ofin a manner of speakingin my opinionin the event ofin the final analysisit seems thatthe point that I am trying to maketype ofwhat I am trying to saywhat I want to make clear Wordy: All things being equal, what I am trying to say is that in my opinion all students should, in the final analysis, have the right to vote for all intents and purposes.Revised: Students should have the right to vote. Avoid Using Noun Forms of Verbs The fancy name for this process is excessive nominalization. Our advice is simple: give verbs a chance. Wordy: The presentation of the arguments by the students was convincing.Revised: The students presented their arguments convincingly. Or . . .The students argued convincingly. Replace Vague Nouns Replace vague nouns (such as area, aspect, case, factor, manner, situation, something, thing, type, and way) with more specific words- or eliminate them altogether. Wordy: After reading several things in the area of psychology-type subjects, I decided to put myself in a situation where I might change my major.Revised: After reading several psychology books, I decided to change my major.

Waste Management (Firm Analysis) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Waste Management (Firm Analysis) - Essay Example nvironment protection and regarded as an interface between the production, distribution and consumption of goods on the one hand, and soil, groundwater, air and climate on the other. Hence, it is an essential collaborator in the perspective of sustainable development. In the current scenario, industrialized nations are busy enhancing their regulatory frameworks and waste management infrastructure. As it is, the industry deals with extensively rising environmental and legal standards, best practices and the need for greater efficiency, quality management and occupational health aspects. Apparently, with the diversity and intricacy of products and accordingly of wastes, byproducts, and residues, there is no single solution to the waste treatment demands of today. A suitable combination of technologies is necessary in order to meet and respond to the many technical, ecological and economic requirements of integrated waste management on a regional level. As long as industry and consumers produce waste, an infrastructure is needed for their proper treatment and detoxification and for the secure and continuing disposal of residues (Hunt, 1990). The idea of producer’s responsibility was realized by swinging or reallocating the financial burden for the appropriate treatment or recycling of end-of-life products to manufacturers. This move established a new line of communication between the environmental sector and the manufacturing segments of society. In this scheme, waste managers convey information concerning designs for recycling and the design for disposal upstream to producers and manufacturers, thereby advocating the cause of the environment’s capacities and environmental constraints (Deyle, 1990). Today, the waste management industry is highly conscious and responsive of the significance of social aspects. These include, among others, the siting of facilities and introduction of novel collection schemes, educating consumers, training workers and staff,